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Introduction

Frozen shoulder, also known as adhesive capsulitis, is a painful condition that causes stiffness and limited movement in the shoulder. It can severely impact daily activities, making even simple tasks challenging. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for frozen shoulder is crucial for managing this condition effectively and regaining shoulder mobility.

What is Adhesive Capsulitis (Frozen Shoulder)?

Adhesive capsulitis occurs when the connective tissue surrounding the shoulder joint, known as the shoulder capsule, becomes thickened and tight, restricting movement. Over time, bands of scar tissue (adhesions) form, further limiting the range of motion. The condition typically develops gradually and goes through three stages: freezing, frozen, and thawing.

Causes of Frozen Shoulder

The exact cause of frozen shoulder is not fully understood, but several factors may contribute to its development:

1. Injury or Surgery: Frozen shoulder often develops after a shoulder injury or surgery when the shoulder is immobilized for an extended period.
2. Medical Conditions: People with certain medical conditions such as diabetes, thyroid disorders, heart disease, or Parkinson’s disease are at a higher risk of developing frozen shoulder.
3. Age and Gender: Frozen shoulder is most common in people between the ages of 40 and 60, and it affects women more often than men.
4. Lack of Use: Prolonged inactivity of the shoulder joint due to pain, injury, or other health conditions can lead to the development of frozen shoulder.

Symptoms of Frozen Shoulder

Frozen shoulder progresses through three stages, each with distinct symptoms:

1.Freezing Stage:

• Gradual onset of shoulder pain, which worsens over time.
• Pain is often worse at night and may interfere with sleep.
• Increasing stiffness in the shoulder.

2.Frozen Stage:

• Pain may decrease, but the shoulder becomes stiffer.
• Significant loss of range of motion, making it difficult to perform daily activities.

3.Thawing Stage:

• Gradual improvement in shoulder movement.
• The stiffness begins to ease, and range of motion slowly returns.
• This stage can last several months.

Diagnosing Frozen Shoulder

If you suspect you have a frozen shoulder, it’s important to seek medical advice. A doctor will typically:

• Conduct a Physical Examination: The doctor will assess your shoulder’s range of motion and check for areas of pain.
• Imaging Tests: While frozen shoulder is usually diagnosed based on symptoms, X-rays or MRIs may be used to rule out other conditions like arthritis or rotator cuff tears.

Treatment Options for Frozen Shoulder

Treatment for frozen shoulder focuses on relieving pain and restoring movement in the shoulder. Options include:

1.Non-Surgical Treatments:

• Physical Therapy: A physical therapist can guide you through exercises to improve shoulder mobility and reduce stiffness.
• Medications: Over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen or acetaminophen can help manage pain. In some cases, your doctor may prescribe stronger medications.
• Steroid Injections: Corticosteroid injections into the shoulder joint can reduce inflammation and pain, especially during the early stages.

2.Surgical Treatments:

• Manipulation Under Anesthesia (MUA): In this procedure, the doctor will move the shoulder through a range of motion while you are under anesthesia, helping to break up adhesions and improve flexibility.
• Arthroscopic Surgery: If conservative treatments are ineffective, minimally invasive surgery may be performed to release the tight capsule and improve movement.

Preventing Frozen Shoulder

While not all cases of frozen shoulder can be prevented, taking certain precautions can reduce your risk:

• Stay Active: Regularly move and exercise your shoulders, especially after an injury or surgery.
• Early Intervention: If you experience shoulder pain or stiffness, seek medical attention early to prevent the progression to frozen shoulder.
• Manage Underlying Conditions: If you have diabetes or another condition that increases your risk, work with your doctor to manage it effectively.

Conclusion

Frozen shoulder is a condition that can be frustrating and painful, but with the right treatment, most people recover fully. If you’re experiencing symptoms of frozen shoulder, don’t wait—seek medical advice to get started on the right treatment plan. Early intervention can help you regain shoulder function and return to your normal activities more quickly.

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